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skull · PA Axial
Skull PA (Caldwell 15 deg)
Patient prone or erect facing IR, forehead and nose on IR.
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AI Patient · KV Sir
How to perform this view
- 01
Seat patient erect facing vertical Bucky.
- 02
Rest forehead and nose against IR.
- 03
Tuck chin so orbitomeatal line (OML) is perpendicular.
- 04
Ensure no rotation - EAMs equidistant.
- 05
Angle CR 15 deg caudad, exit at nasion.
- 06
Expose.
Anatomical & patient position
Patient: Patient prone or erect facing IR, forehead and nose on IR.
Part: OML perpendicular to IR; MSP perpendicular and centred.
Central ray & centring point
15 deg caudad to OML, exiting at nasion.
Exposure factors
kVp
75-85 kVp
mAs
15-25 mAs
SID
100 cm
IR size
24 x 30 cm portrait
Grid
Yes
Respiration
Suspended
Clinical indications
- Skull fractures (frontal bone)
- Frontal & ethmoid sinusitis
- Neoplastic or Paget's changes
Contraindications & precautions
- Pregnancy (relative) - confirm LMP / 10-day rule, justify exposure and shield where possible
- Suspected unstable spinal injury - do NOT move neck/spine; use cross-table lateral first and keep collar
Structures shown & evaluation criteria
- Petrous ridges in lower third of orbits
- Frontal bone, crista galli, frontal & ethmoid sinuses
- Equal distance orbit-to-skull margin